Posted by Jim at July 5th, 2005

With the retirement of Sandra Day O’Connor, people have, as always, begun to speculate about how the next the Supreme Court will affect the legality of abortion.

What I find interesting is that people come to each new Supreme Court nomination as if it would instantly make abortion legal or illegal. I’ll grant you that they have to in order to rally the troops (whichever troops you prefer to rally), but neither the next Supreme Court justice nor even a decision reversing Roe v. Wade will necessarily end the struggle over this issue.

What I mean by this is that first of all, five of the current nine justices have stated that they will vote against attempts to overturn Roe v. Wade–that’s without O’Connor. If that’s true, abortion’s not likely to become illegal anytime soon.

Secondly, the aftereffects of reversing Roe v. Wade don’t necessarily outlaw abortion. The argument just moves over to each individual state, fragmenting the struggle. Some places would instantly outlaw it, others instantly legalize it, and others would undoubtedly struggle for years over the precise circumstances under which abortion is allowed or denied.

In the end, it seems likely that we would have a patchwork of standards. Bearing in mind that people can legally visit any state they want, abortion seems likely to end only at the federal level.

I can’t help but be curious about the likely political consequences. I’ve often thought that the Republican party’s pro-life stance has bought it many votes it might not have otherwise gotten. If there’s no Roe v. Wade to point to, it becomes harder to argue that voting for a Democratic presidential candidate is a vote for abortion rights. In my more cynical moments, I’ve often thought that it was in the Republican party’s best interest to constantly work for outlawing abortion, but to never actually succeed in doing so.

Indeed the main point of the article I linked to earlier is that success on abortion could cause major problems for the Republican party. I think it goes a little overboard on the negative consequences, but it definitely seems likely to require some restructuring afterwards.

Whatever happens, I don’t think anybody is going to get exactly what they want. Thus I write this little essay in the hopes of deflating both people’s hopes and fears in this area.